What is the thyroid?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly‑shaped gland in the front of your neck that produces hormones (T3 and T4). They control your metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, energy levels and how your body responds to other hormones. When the gland produces too much or too little hormone, it can affect almost every system in your body.
Common thyroid conditions I treat
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
- The thyroid does not make enough hormone, slowing down body functions.
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
- The thyroid makes too much hormone, speeding up body processes.
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.
- Thyroid nodules and goitre
- Enlargement of the thyroid, and thyroid cancer as part of a multidisciplinary team.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
- Fatigue, weakness and feeling unusually tired
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Feeling cold easily, dry skin and hair loss
- Constipation and muscle or joint pains
- Low mood, depression and heavier periods
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
- Unexplained weight loss with increased appetite
- Nervousness, anxiety, irritability, tremors and palpitations
- Heat intolerance, sweating and sleep disturbances
- Frequent bowel movements and irregular or lighter periods
- Enlarged thyroid (goitre) and, in Graves’ disease, eye problems
How I diagnose and treat thyroid problems
Thyroid evaluation typically includes blood tests for thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), ultrasound and, when needed, further imaging or fine‑needle aspiration of nodules. Based on the findings, treatment may include:
- Thyroid hormone replacement tablets for hypothyroidism.
- Anti‑thyroid medicines, radioiodine therapy or surgery for hyperthyroidism, depending on severity and cause.
- Regular monitoring to keep hormone levels in your target range and adjust doses safely.
Precautions for thyroid health
- Do not start or stop thyroid medication on your own; dose changes should always be supervised.
- Take thyroid tablets on an empty stomach, exactly as instructed, for best absorption.
- Tell me about all other medicines or supplements you take — some interfere with thyroid treatment.
- Maintain a balanced diet, manage stress and get adequate sleep.
Common questions
Do you treat thyroid problems?
Yes — all thyroid conditions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules and thyroid care during pregnancy.